Jennifer Roback Morse | Thursday, 31 July 2008

The Pill: past its use-by date

Actually, the whole idea that technology can deliver consequence-free sex has outlived its shelf life.

On July 25, 1968, Pope Paul VI published a document, Humanae Vitae, which said that the Pill was incompatible with Catholic morality. Did this shunt his Church into decades of irrelevance or did it make the Church a beacon of moral clarity? This week MercatorNet publishes three articles about the world after Humanae Vitae. Below, Jennifer Roback Morse asks why former champions of the contraceptive Pill are disenchanted with it and what exactly we expected the Pill to do.

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How quickly things can change. One week we read about the need for school nurses to give contraceptive pills to girls who just can’t say no; the next, this headline from London’s Daily Telegraph leaps out from our news feeds: “‘Contraceptive pill outdated and does not work well,’ experts warns”.

Well, I thought, that is curious. Whatever could have happened? Are women all of a sudden immune to the effects of estrogen? Is it something in the air, or the water? And who was the expert delivering this disturbing news?

It turned out to be Dr James Trussell, Professor of Economics and Public Affairs and Director of the Office of Population Research at Princeton University. Dr Trussell is one of the Mr Bigs of birth control research so the Telegraph was listening carefully when he spoke recently at a conference of one of the UK’s main birth control groups, the British Pregnancy Advisory Service.

And yes, he certainly was disenchanted with the Pill. “One in 12 women taking the Pill get pregnant each year because they miss so many tablets,” he lamented. “The Pill is an outdated method because it does not work well enough. It is very difficult for ordinary women to take a pill every single day.”

Frankly, this is something well known in Britain where pregnancy rates among schoolgirls continue to rise, and thousands of women have three or four abortions. But what does Dr Trussell suggest should be done with these “ordinary women” who, although he is too polite to say it in so many words, are too stupid to take a pill every day?

Shoot them up with long-lasting hormonal contraception amounting to sterilization -- not to put too fine a point on it. “The beauty of the implant or the IUD is that you can forget about them," enthused the professor. "If you want to seriously reduce unintended pregnancies in the UK you can only do it with implants and IUDs.”

So now we get to the heart of the matter. The problem is not that the Pill doesn’t work -- it does, reducing the probability that any given act of intercourse will result in pregnancy. The problem is that women do not take it regularly enough. But that raises the all-important question: What, exactly, are we trying to accomplish with the Pill?

This is my theory: the Pill has been an instrument in the creation of what author Lee Harris called, in another context, a fantasy ideology.

A fantasy ideology is a variety of utopianism that is not about making a better world, but making its adherents feel good about themselves. The believer is assured that he is one of the chosen, one of the few enlightened ones who truly understands the universe. In the name of supporting the fantasy, the believer is entitled to impose large costs on other people. Indeed, he seldom notices these costs, because he is not checking in with reality on a regular basis. Data fly right over his head.

Though Lee Harris developed his concept of the fantasy ideology in relation to Islam, his analysis could apply just as well to the contraceptive ideology. The fantasy ideology of contraception is that people are entitled to behave as if they had perfectly functioning contraception; in other words, to act as though sexual activity and reproduction are completely disconnected.

Adherents of the ideology get to feel good about themselves as progressive, modern, enlightened. They are ever so beyond the tired old ethics that connects sex with responsible parenthood through marriage. Most importantly, believers in the faith that contraception prevents all consequences of sex never have to apologize for any sexual misdeeds. There are no sexual misdeeds, with the possible exception of rape.

It is no wonder that poor Dr Trussell is disappointed. The Pill could not possibly meet the standard of creating a lifetime of harmless and guilt-free sex.

Yet on the road to the society of perfectly controlled reproductive freedom, millions of people’s lives have been ruined. Women got themselves involved in relationships that had no chance of sustaining a pregnancy. Then, they were shocked and appalled when they got pregnant. In their desperation, they turned to abortion. Or they kept babies they were ill-prepared to raise, because they could not bring themselves to have an abortion and no-one encouraged them to consider adoption.

Or, men got themselves involved with women who claimed they wanted no deeper involvement. But then, when they became pregnant, they wanted the child after all. In some cases the woman wanted the child all along, and deceived the man into believing that he was participating in a sterile sexual encounter. Since sterile sex is the new social norm, thanks to the Pill, it is not difficult to convince a man you don’t mean to have a baby.

Men and women alike thought the addition of a condom protected them from sexually transmitted diseases. They didn’t notice when the sexual spin doctors quietly changed the term “safe sex” to “safer sex”. Some were naïve enough to think that the Pill looked after all safety issues, even though it offers no protection against STDs whatsoever.

The true believer in the fantasy ideology of contraception does not look too closely at problems like these. Any problem that cannot be solved by more contraception is not worth considering.

This is why the indefatigable Dr Trussell advocates more aggressive and intrusive methods of contraception. He and his allies must not, at any cost, question their premise that contraception eliminates all negative consequences of sex. They are reduced to sewing more patches over the tattered quilt of an outmoded fantasy ideology. It is not just the Pill that has outlived its shelf life, but the contraceptive ideology itself.

Jennifer Roback Morse, Ph.D. is the Founder and President of The Ruth Institute, and the author of Smart Sex: Finding Life-long Love in a Hook-up World.

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This is one of three articles on the world after Humanae Vitae. See also: Singapore's fertility woes call for a rethink of sexual attitudes which describes what happens when governments, not parents, regulate births, and and an interview with philosopher Christopher Tollefsen, Sex without consequences, a world without commitment

Comments (24)

Boombeeshark said...

Oh, so true! Now the hard part… selling the message to the supposedly educated, but very narrow minded, masses.

Maybe the good Doctor (Trussell) could find a pill for that :-)

Australia | Thursday, 31 July 2008 at 10:26 am

Kaltrosomos said...

If the suggested alternative to contraception is abstinence only, that has troubles itself. For one thing, when a person has the sexual urge it doesn’t just go away.  It’s an integral part of humans. Repressing it can’t be good…

United States | Thursday, 31 July 2008 at 3:29 pm

Sylvester said...

The alternative to contraception IS abstinence. If we don’t accept that then we live the"fantasy ideology”. We don’t chew food and then spit it out. We swallow it. That is what we call eating. Likewise, sex has a context and a proper setting: it is open to life and licit within a stable relationship (what we properly call marriage).

Nigeria | Friday, 1 August 2008 at 11:52 pm

mvm said...

The “sexual urge,” as Kaltrosomos called it, may not “go away,” but controlling that urge until such time as one can marry and have a committed relationship in which children are welcome is entirely possible and physically and psychologically the healthiest option.  Animals have sexual urges which they cannot control, but human dignity indicates that we can develop self-mastery suchwise that our genital capacity is ordered to the total gift of self to another.  This kind of permanent relationship reflects a lasting communion of persons marked by that selfless love which has always been manifested in the better part of the human race.

United States | Saturday, 2 August 2008 at 9:34 am

Kaltrosomos said...

Sylvester, why does sex always have to be about procreation? Sure, intercourse normally has a high chance of creating a baby.  But why does that mean we should throw up our hands and act as though it’s something unchangeable?
Mvm, if the “genital capacity” is supposed to be ordered as a total gift to another, isn’t monogamy a bit selfish then?  Why not share the love with as many as possible, without using any sort of contraception?  limiting your ‘selfless love’ to one person doesn’t seem that selfless.  Not that limiting yourself is bad.  It just conflicts with some of your justifications.  As well, i’m curious.  what makes saving sex until marriage, and never using contraception when you are married, the healthiest option physically and pyschologically?

United States | Saturday, 2 August 2008 at 6:24 pm

Tom Teague said...

Kaltrosomos, you write: “..if the “genital capacity” is supposed to be ordered as a total gift to another, isn’t monogamy a bit selfish then?  Why not share the love with as many as possible, without using any sort of contraception?  limiting your ‘selfless love’ to one person doesn’t seem that selfless.”

You have just, albeit unwittingly, given one of the best arguments in favour of monogamy.  It is precisely because polygamy, by definition, cannot involve a total self-giving to another that it is impermissible.  As soon as you “share” yourself with more than one person, you withhold part of yourself from each of them.

United Kingdom | Sunday, 3 August 2008 at 8:23 pm

Dermot said...

Kaltrosomos

“Why does sex always have to be about procreation?” It does not; sex, for human beings, has a dual purpose, procreation and unitive.  Problems start when ones separates one from the other through the use of artificial contraception or IVF.

“intercourse normally has a high chance of creating a baby.” It does not as there are more days in each month when a woman cannot conceive than when she can.

“if the “genital capacity” is supposed to be ordered as a total gift to another, isn’t monogamy a bit selfish then?” You are confusing sex and married love.  By definition married love is monogamous and for life.  There are other types of love, such as the love of friendship, the love of parents for their children which are not restricted to a single person and certainly the more the better of this sort of love

“what makes saving sex until marriage, and never using contraception when you are married, the healthiest option physically and pyschologically?” I think that enough evidence has been provided in this and the two other related articles to prove this point.

United Kingdom | Sunday, 3 August 2008 at 8:41 pm

Karen said...

To add to Kalostromos’ argument, why is the Pill any different from eyeglasses or ibuprofen for a fever?  Those things “interrupt” natural processes? Why isn’t Viagra prohibited?

-- | Monday, 4 August 2008 at 1:10 am

Roland Emond said...

Saving yourself for marriage is the best way because that is the way we were designed by our Creator.  But if one doesn’t believe in the Almighty and Living God then he or she believes they are a law unto themselves and whatever feels right is right.  Such a poisonous attitude.  But it sure sounds altruistic, “sharing one’s genital capacity.” How noble!  That particular lawless attitude is also from the Creator, who releases people who reject Hm to the baseness of their appetites:  “For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who by their unrighteousness suppress the truth.  For what can be known about God is plain to them, because God has shown it to them.  For His invisible attributes, namely, his eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly perceived, ever since the creation of the world, in the things that have been made.  So they are without excuse.  For although they knew God, they did not honor Him as God or give thanks to Him, but they became futile in their thinking, and their foolish hearts were darkened.  Claiming to be wise, they became fools, and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images resembling mortal man and birds and animals and reptiles.  Therefore God gave them up in the lusts of their hearts to impurity, to the dishonoring of their bodies among themselves, because they exchanged the truth about God for a lie and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever!  Amen.”

-- | Monday, 4 August 2008 at 7:17 am

Kaltrosomos said...

Tom Teague, how do you know polygamy can’t involve a total giving of self to each partner? Consider a related situation.  A man marries.  He spends twenty happy years with his wife and family, until one day his wife is killed in a car accident.  He grieves for years.  But then, one day, he meets another woman who really connects with him, and he with her.  Eventually, they get married. 

Has this man, then, been guilty of witholding some of himself from either his first or second wife?  Why or why not?  And if it is possible to give yourself totally to multiple people as in the sort of situation described above, why is it impossible for a polygamist?

United States | Monday, 4 August 2008 at 9:41 am

Darren Hall said...

Sex does not always have to be about procreation, but that is from a an emotional and physical view. Biologically or evolutionarily speaking that is it’s only purpose.
If we want to lead our lives as best we can I believe we have to respect, for want of a better term, the limitations we have. Actually, we only see them as limitations as our egos simply demand more and more.
Let me offer this example: If you could eat and eat with no physical consequences what-so-ever, and you loved cream-filled donuts, you would find yourself devoting your life to stuffing your face. Could you develop any character, could you give of yourself truly to another? I think not. You would be so self-satisfied as not to care.
As to Karen’s post: Eyeglasses and ibuprofen do not interrupt natural processes, unless you’d like to walk into lamp posts and burn up with fever. I know what you’re trying to say, but if it gets real cold (a natural process) you wear warm clothes and get shelter.

United States | Monday, 4 August 2008 at 4:17 pm

Kaltrosomos said...

Darren, I never said anything about *not* respecting our limitations. 

I don’t view contraception as a free pass to endless sex. It is a tool. 

Our populations are getting too big.  Our planet is filling with people.  we’re nearing seven billion or so. It doesn’t take a math whiz to see that if even half of our current population was making babies indiscriminately, population levels would soar out of control.

Even if you have an optimistic view on population sizes, you have to realize that eventually we are going to run out of space, and our resources will dry up.  We can limit our population growth, or we can colonize space, or we can keep on growing our populations indiscriminately, until one day we ask so much of the planet that she can’t give it to us, and we start starving, and squabbling over food, and killing each other over turnips or potatoes.

Also, why does the censor keep toying with my posts?  Taking out sections or not even printing one of my comments? What’s so horrible about what I wrote?

United States | Monday, 4 August 2008 at 6:48 pm

Richard Bell said...

Sex is not primarily about creating human embryo’s.  If it was, men would ignore women for most of the time, respond to uncontrollable urges, and then get back to their lives.

The reason that we enjoy sex, and can get up to it most of the time is that we are a high-k species and the parents not only have to be joined up to create the next generation, but they have to stay together long enough to make sure that the next generation can continue the species, or why women live so long after their childbearing years. Men are biologically constructed to hang around the mother of their children for long enough to raise the child.  Sex builds up the bond between parents that allows for the nuclear family.

Canada | Tuesday, 5 August 2008 at 3:28 am

Darren Hall said...

Kaltrosomos, Your previous posts indicated a recreational view toward sex. “Why not share your love with as many as possible..” you said.
I’m not against contraception. However it has been used to excuse free-for-all sex and allegedly “safe sex”. It should be recognized as a tool or aid but !not! the answer.
For too many years morality has been scoffed at and even demeaned. We’re not perfect, but morality, as in self-control, self-respect and respect for natural consequences is the answer.

United States | Tuesday, 5 August 2008 at 3:33 am

Roland Emond said...

Our population is not getting too big; there is plenty of room and plenty of food.  However, because we humans are intrinsically selfish and greedy, we don’t distribute our resources properly, nor do we tend to take care of each other.  A smaller population will not solve our present woes.  Look back at history and you will find shortages in all ages; and this because people didn’t plan ahead and those who had enough chose not to share.  A notable exception was about four thousand years ago when Africa and the Middle East were suffering from a major seven year drought.  Pharaoh was warned and planned ahead and Egypt, under the guidance of Joseph ben Jacob, was able to provide for all the needs.  Take a look around, in most suburbs people spend lots of time, money and energy making sure they have the ideal lawn.  If one of the spouses stayed home and planted a substantial garden, they could grow enough food to feed themselves and a few other families as well.  We are just too selfish to care about or neighbors.  Also consider the statistics surfacing over the past decade, the population increase has slowed down dramatically, even in places like China, which actually has a negative growth, which will become dramatic in ten years or so because there are so few women coming of age, and those that have refuse to marry and have families.  On the other hand, the Muslim community is growing by leaps and bounds because they aren’t afraid to have children.  Contraception is a tool, alright, to abrogate God’s command to have children and to raise them in the admonition and nurture of the Lord.

-- | Tuesday, 5 August 2008 at 5:15 am

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