Shamim Hunt | Friday, 6 July 2007

Uproar over The Satanic Verses

Sir Salman doesn't deserve the vituperation heaped upon him by the Muslim world.

ReutersWhen Queen Elizabeth knighted the author of the 1988 novel The Satanic Verses, Salman Rushdie, last month, there was rage throughout the Islamic world. Although Sir Salman, as he is now to be called, was not honoured specifically for this controversial novel, many Muslims interpreted the award as a poke in the eye for Islam. "The latest act of the British government was shameless and imprudent and can not be interpreted to anything but blind hostility and absolute brainlessness," declared the speaker of the Iranian parliament speaker, Gholamali Haddadadel.

The Satanic Verses is not my favourite novel, but it has a place in my life's journey. When the book first came out in 1988, I was a devout Muslim. By 1996 I had left the religion, and I bought it to see what the fuss was all about. When my then-husband saw the book on the coffee table, he left me with three small children. He had never read it. This lack of effort to understand, appreciate and build bridges is not uncommon amongst Muslims.

Back in 1989 Iran's Ayatollah Khomeini issued a fatwa condemning Rushdie to death. I wonder if he had read it. Then an Iranian businessman offered a US$3 million bounty for his death. I wonder if he had read it. In 1991 the Japanese translator was stabbed to death. I wonder if his murderer had read it. In fact, most Muslims who aver that they are willing to kill Rushdie have probably never read The Satanic Verses. According to Islam, one cannot say or think anything against the prophet Mohammed. Even if a Muslim were to read the book out of curiosity, he/she would be blaspheming the prophet, even if he/she respected the prophet in his/her heart.

When I first read the book in 1996, I was not a skilled reader of literature. But even then, I thought that it was just a novel, and although the character Mahound was obviously an allusion to the Prophet, Rushdie was not writing history and not suggesting that Mohammed was actually possessed by demons.

Eleven years later, after further study at university, and after having become a Christian, I re-read The Satanic Verses. Although I enjoyed it, I now realise that post-modern style makes it a very difficult text for many readers, not just Muslims. As an example of the genre of "magical realism", Rushdie parodies certain events and persons from the Qur'an and the life of the Prophet. But the plot is so bizarre and far-fetched and the characters so distant from reality that it is difficult to discern the author's true intentions.

I would venture to say that it is impossible to understand The Satanic Verses without an appreciation of post-modern irony. Because of the multi-vocal nature of irony, naïve readers who can only grasp univocal utterances will be baffled. For more sophisticated readers, the genre of magical realism offers great compensations. Irony -- sometimes comic, sometimes tragic, sometimes wry or perplexing -- enriches the literary dish. It keeps us on our toes, inviting us to dig through layers of possible meaning and competing significations.

No doubt Rushie anticipated that not everyone would comprehend his ironic treatment of a holy text and of the figure of the Prophet. What he failed to foresee was that Muslim incomprehension would lead to a fatwa, book-burnings and violent demonstrations.

In my experience, Christians are much more tolerant and appreciative of literary texts. For instance, in modern literature the use of Christ figures has almost become a cliché -- Aslan in The Chronicles of Narnia, Neo in the Matrix trilogy, and even Superman in Superman Returns. The works of the devout Catholic Flannery O'Connor contain many characters which suggest Christ. Many of these are somewhat less than Christ-like, which may be felt as disrespectful by many people, but neither the Pope nor Billy Graham ever issued fatwas.

Let me say a few words in Rushdie's defence against intolerant Muslims (and also against too-literal Westerners). Apart from its ironic comedy, one reason that the book has been so hard for fatwa-waving ayatollahs to understand is that it is a critique of post-Christian Western society. It speaks to a sceptical generation that has cast off its traditional ties to religion and is longing to get back home to be with its "Father." In my reading, it is a New Testament story of redemption and "rebirth". In this case, the prodigal son returns home to India, to the jahilia, the town of ignorance. Jahilia is an offensive term for Muslims because it implies that Arabia is a jahilia. In fact, Rushdie is suggesting that our so-called progressive, irreligious world is restless and schizophrenic. Surely there is something in this diagnosis. More people, especially children are being diagnosed with depression than in any time in history.

It is impossible for Muslims to see all this in the book. They are not familiar with Christian themes of rebirth, redemption, baptism, Lucifer and so on. Rushdie has written a novel which mixes Christian and Muslim motifs in a most unsettling way. Essentially it is not a novel about Mohammed, still less about Islam. Sadly the outrage over an obscure novel by an "apostate" Muslim is one more confirmation of the West's difficulty in communicating with conservative Islam.

Shamim Hunt is currently a PhD student in the Institute of Philosophic Studies program at the University of Dallas in Texas.

Comments (11)

Mariusz Wesolowski said...

When I reached the statement that “it is just a novel,” I almost stopped reading the article remembering the same superficial “argument” being used in a debate around the “Da Vinci Code”. Fortunately, I fought the impulse and kept reading on to find out that the second part of the text offered genuine insights into the negative reception of “The Satanic Verses”. A few random comments: Ayatollah Khomeini’s fatwa had been actually rejected by virtually every other Muslim jurist in the world - a fact which often goes unmentioned.

Second: the attitude towards blasphemy in Islam and Christianity has been always somewhat different due to the differences in their theological focal points; in our time, when Christianity is practically toothless and Islam has grown new teeth, this comparison is quite meaningless.

Third: as much as I am ready to admit that Mr. Rushdie is a skillful writer, his arrogance and other personal traits do not endear him to me. Fourth: the British knighthood is by now as debased as almost every other traditional high honour in the world.

Canada | Sunday, 8 July 2007 at 1:46 am

Seán Finnegan said...

Thank you for your analysis; however, I’m afraid, I differ. A knighthood is conferred for some great benefit to mankind, or upon the United Kingdom, or something of the sort.
Rushdie’s writing scarcely counts according to this standard. Had he not scandalized the mohammedans, he would never have left the ranks of the quickly-remaindered. There are far better contemporary writers around at the moment;’ Rushdie is certainly not in the first class.
The fact is that Rushdie is the darling of the secularist ascendancy because of the fatwa that was served upon him. It is because of this that he has been honoured and for no other reason. Let’s get real!

United Kingdom | Tuesday, 10 July 2007 at 4:25 am

Michael said...

Ms. Hunt makes some very good points in this piece as does Mr. Wesolowski in his comments. The fact that no one has heard of the “moderate” Muslim jurists’ rejection of the Khomeini fatwah may be because they did not shout it from their minarets. Their silence, for example, after 9/11 is deafening. As for blasphemy, I thing God can take care of himself, he doesn’t need me to be a policeman with or without teeth. Believers are supposed to exhibit self-discipline. For an extreme example: a Jew is supposed to die before committing blasphemy, adultery or murder. The idea is to not sin to begin with.

United States | Tuesday, 10 July 2007 at 6:31 am

Mariusz Wesolowski said...

Seán Finnegan said:

“Thank you for your analysis; however, I’m afraid, I differ. A knighthood is conferred for some great benefit to mankind, or upon the United Kingdom, or something of the sort.”

You’re very welcome, Seán, and we do not differ at all! That’s exactly what I had in mind when I wrote about the debasement of the knightood.

Michael said:

“The fact that no one has heard of the “moderate” Muslim jurists’ rejection of the Khomeini fatwah may be because they did not shout it from their minarets.”

It is first of all because our sensationalist and biased media did not care to report it.

Canada | Tuesday, 10 July 2007 at 12:57 pm

Michael said...

Mariusz Wesolowski said:
“It is first of all because our sensationalist and biased media did not care to report it.”
You may be correct. The media did report the Muslim riots that followed the well reasoned words of Benedict XVI at Ragensburg. They further did report, although not universally, the murder of a missionary nun. Maybe the two or three “moderate” Muslim jurists don’t own a minaret. If so I stand corrected.
Also, I am shocked, shocked to learn that Sir Salman has profited from his fatwah.

-- | Wednesday, 11 July 2007 at 5:00 am

Mariusz Wesolowski said...

Michael said:

“You may be correct. The media did report the Muslim riots that followed the well reasoned words of Benedict XVI at Ragensburg.”

In fact, the riots had been caused by the selective and irresponsible reporting of the Regensburg address by the Western liberal-biased media. We have enemies within, not only without.

Canada | Wednesday, 11 July 2007 at 10:53 am

Shamim Hunt said...

Just as Sir Salman’s book Satanic Verses caused controversy without being read; likewise, certain passages were taken out of context from Pope’s academic address, which caused the outraged in the Muslim world.

-- | Thursday, 12 July 2007 at 9:38 am

ted de koke said...

Just as well we have free speech in this country even if it’s distorted at times

Australia | Thursday, 12 July 2007 at 10:25 am

Mariusz Wesolowski said...

Ted de Koke said:

“Just as well we have free speech in this country even if it’s distorted at times.”

Could you, please, explain what the biased reporting by the media has to do with freedom of speech?

-- | Thursday, 12 July 2007 at 2:39 pm

Krishna Kant Jha said...

There is nothing uncommon if an outrage from Muslims is seen against any writing touching their orthodoxy. Tasleema Nasrin talked about some amendment in Islamic laws for benefit to mankind, but a fatwa was also issued to kill her and an outrage from, Muslims in Bangladesh even at the university level was seen. The basic questions now arises is that- whst measures should be taken by sane persons so that the coming generation should grow with reasonable ideas and changed attitudes?

India | Thursday, 12 July 2007 at 9:58 pm

Michael said...

Krishna Kant Jha siad:

“The basic questions now arises is that- what measures should be taken by sane persons so that the coming generation should grow with reasonable ideas and changed attitudes?”

Bravo, Krishna. The problem is that insanity is loosed upon the world and the sane are rightly afraid to make their voices heard. It takes courage to, “Let them persevere...in promoting on every occasion the discovery of solutions inspired by faith and right reason; let them strive to arouse this conviction and this respect in their associates.” (Humanae Vitae). With or without the media this must begin in the local community in order to succeed.

United States | Friday, 13 July 2007 at 1:18 am

Page 1 of 1 :

New comment

Name:
Email:
Location:
URL:
0/2000
Remember my personal information
Notify me of follow-up comments?
Type the characters you see in the image below:

free updates

Email